Mary Ann Lyons, FRHS, is professor of history at Maynooth University. She has published extensively on Franco-Irish relations and on Irish migration to Continental Europe in the Early Modern period, as well as on various aspects of Irish history including the Kildare dynasty, religion in late medieval and early modern Ireland, women, and the emergence of professional medicine from the early 1600s onwards. Her recent publications include the The proclamations of Ireland 1660?1820, edited with James Kelly (2014, 5 vols) and Representing Irish religious histories: historiography, ideology and practice, edited with Jacqueline Hill (2017).